It is estimated that the heart of Brachiosaurus would have to pump double the blood pressure of a giraffe to reach the brain, and possibly weighed 400 kg (880 lb). Brachiosaurus also appears to have experienced an elongation of the metacarpals, which in juveniles were shorter compared to the length of the radius; SMA 0009 had a ratio of just 0.33, the lowest known in the entire Neosauropoda. Nat.kd. This is in contrast to Giraffatitan, where the vertebrae at the front part were much taller but only slightly longer. Brachiosaurus facts: it was almost as long as three buses parked end to end. The tooth does not resemble those within the jaws (as revealed by CT data), is larger, and was therefore assigned to Camarasaurus sp. He suggested that the expanded nasal opening would have made room for tissue related to the animal's ability to smell, which would have helped smell proper vegetation. [92], In 2016, Mark Hallett and Mathew Wedel for the first time reconstructed the entire air sac system of a sauropod, using B. altithorax as an example of how such a structure might have been formed. [1][15] Riggs followed his 1903 publication with a more detailed description in a monograph in 1904. Atypically, Brachiosaurus had longer forelimbs than hindlimbs, which resulted in a steeply inclined trunk, and a proportionally shorter tail. Estimates put the length of a Brachiosaurus between 59 and 69 feet. "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. For almost a century, Brachiosaurus was considered the tallest of all dinosaurs, being over 13 metres tall. [31] Overall, the skull was tall as in Giraffatitan, with a snout that was long (about 36% of the skull length according to Carpenter and Tidwell) in front of the nasal bar between the nostrils – typical of brachiosaurids. Turner, C.E. It was Riggs' field assistant H. In 1988, Gregory Paul published a new reconstruction of the skeleton of "B." [11], Riggs published a short report of the new find in 1901, noting the unusual length of the humerus compared to the femur and the extreme overall size and the resulting giraffe-like proportions, as well as the lesser development of the tail, but did not publish a name for the new dinosaur. Scaled 2D drawings and 3D models available for download. [64] Vertebrae of the front part of the dorsal column were slightly taller but much longer than those of the back part. This is further evidenced by an isolated ilium of Diplodocus that apparently had drifted against the vertebral column, as well as by a change in composition of the surrounding rocks. pp. The humerus (upper arm bone) of Brachiosaurus was relatively lightly built for its size, measuring 2.04 meters (6.7 ft) in length in the type specimen. First the limb elements were processed. Riggs at first took the find for a badly preserved Brontosaurus specimen and gave priority to excavating Quarry 12, which held a more promising Morosaurus skeleton. Only a single complete caudal (tail) vertebra has been discovered, but its great height suggests that the tail was larger than in Giraffatitan. The Brachiosaurus was a quadruped, meaning it walked on four legs. 1 Traits 2 History 3 Appearances 4 Behind the Scenes One of the largest species of dinosaur known, Brachiosaurus grazed the tops of trees with the use of its long neck. (other teeth assignable to that genus are known from the quarry). Large individuals may have weighed around 56 tones (62 tons). [4][3], In 1883, farmer Marshall Parker Felch, a fossil collector for the American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, reported the discovery of a sauropod skull in Felch Quarry 1, near Garden Park, Colorado. The Brachiosaurus has four legs, but they weren't equal in size. Use our Size Comparison calculator to compare the dimensional properties of Brachiosaurus with other related elements from our database. 1 Description 2 Paleoecology 3 Synonyms 3.1 Species Synonymy 3.2 Genus Synonymy 4 References Brachiosaurus is one of the most well known sauropods. The facial nerve was thus not enlarged as in elephants, where it is involved in operating the sophisticated musculature of the proboscis. [60], With their heads held high above the heart, brachiosaurids would have had stressed cardiovascular systems. Chief among them was a distinction in the way the trunk vertebrae vary: they are fairly uniform in length in the African material, but vary widely in B. altithorax. From this material Janensch named two species: Brachiosaurus brancai for the larger and more complete taxon, and Brachiosaurus fraasi for the smaller and more poorly known species. Like all sauropod dinosaurs, Brachiosaurus was a quadrupedal animal with a small skull, a long neck, a large trunk with a high-ellipsoid cross section, a long, muscular tail and slender, columnar limbs.The skull had a robust, wide muzzle and thick jaw bones, with spoon–shaped teeth. It gets its name from the great height of its humerus, or upper arm bone - which is longer than most humans are tall. Today, whales are the only animal who are close to the size of dinosaurs. The femur is not preserved but comparisons suggest that it was about 2% longer than that of the B. altithorax holotype. The total original length was in 1960 estimated at 1.3 meters (4 ft 3 in), compared to 0.91 meters (3 ft 0 in) with B. Select an item from the list on the right to compare related dimensions. [66][48] In 1969, in a study by R.F. He also noted that in modern reptiles, the presence of bulbous, enlarged, and uplifted nasal bones can be correlated with fleshy horns and knobby protuberances, and that Brachiosaurus and other sauropods with large noses could have had ornamental nasal crests. The vertebrae were only slightly shifted out of their original anatomical position; they were found with their top sides directed downward. The tail was proportionally shorter than that of most sauropods. The Brachiosaurus has four legs, but they weren't equal in size. As with birds, three smaller sacs assisted the pumping process from the underside of the breast cavity: at the rear the posterior thoracic air sac, in the middle the anterior thoracic air sac and in front the clavicular air sac, in that order gradually diminishing in size. Furthermore, a very young juvenile of Europasaurus had a weak SPOL but it is well developed in mature individuals. [109] These effects were considered ground-breaking at the time, and the awe of the movie's characters upon seeing the dinosaur for the first time was mirrored by audiences. Assuming the scale bar is supposed to be 1 meter (and not 20 meters or 2.0 meters as it is labeled) yields a summed cervical length of 13.4 meters, a summed dorsal length of 3.39 meters, and a cervical/dorsal ratio of 3.96–all admirably close, off by no more than 4cm across 16+ meters, if the neck in the ground was articulated condyle-inside-cotyle. [4], Several additional specimens were briefly described by Jensen in 1987. But Qijianglong belong to a species of dinosaur called Mamenchisauridae (part … [4] It includes, among other bones, several dorsal vertebrae, the left scapula, both coracoids, both sternals (breastbones), both humeri, both ulnae and radii (lower arm bones), a right hand, a partial left hand, both pubes (a hip bone) and the right femur, tibia and fibula (shank bones). It was first described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Colorado River valley in western Colorado, United States. Brachiosaurus was twice the length of a school bus. For almost a century, Brachiosaurus was considered the tallest of all dinosaurs, being over 13 metres tall. The front legs of this dinosaur is so much larger than the hind legs, it caused Mr. Riggs to name it Brachiosaurus—a name which means “arm lizard”. Not only was dead air removed quickly but also the blood flow in the lung was counterdirectional in relation to the airflow, leading to a far more effective gas exchange. 3DM, OBJ, SKP formats, Dimensions is a project by Fantastic Offense. [4], As in Giraffatitan, this vertebra was slightly amphicoelous (concave on both ends), lacked openings on the sides, and had a short neural spine that was rectangular and tilted backward. These inaccuracies resulted in the overestimation of heat production and the underestimation of heat loss. [62] The ribcage was deep compared to other sauropods. Brachiosaurus is thought to have been a high browser, feeding on foliage well above the ground. Some recent dating studies suggested that Brachiosaurus survived till 140 million years ago (the start of the Cretaceous period). [29] McIntosh later tentatively recognized the Felch Quarry skull as belonging to Brachiosaurus, and brought it to the attention of the American paleontologists Kenneth Carpenter and Virginia Tidwell, while urging them to describe it. Its head and neck length was around 12.2m (40ft) and its length from noe to tale was 26m (85ft). This skeleton shares some unique traits with the B. altithorax holotype, indicating it is referable to this species. [71] Several subsequent analyses have found Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan not to be sister groups, but instead located at different positions on the evolutionary tree. Even if it did not hold its neck near vertical, and instead had a straighter neck, its head height may still have been over 9 metres (30 feet) above the ground. The real bones of the holotype were put on exhibit in two large glass cases at either end of the mounted cast. In contrast to the second caudal vertebra of Giraffatitan, that of Brachiosaurus had a proportionally taller neural arch, making the vertebra around 30% taller. Since then, other dinosaurs have been discovered to … Reihe l(1998) 73-80 19.11.1998 The Neck Posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Andreas Christian' & Wolf-Dieter Heinrich With 3 Figures Abstract Compressive forces acting on the intervertebral discs along the neck of Brachiosaurus brancai from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru are calculated for different neck postures. They brought the skull to the Denver Museum of Natural History, where they further prepared it and made a reconstruction of it based on casts of the individual bones, with the skulls of Giraffatitan and Camarasaurus acting as templates for the missing bones. [83], As Brachiosaurus shared its habitat, the Morrison, with many other sauropod species, its specialization for feeding at greater heights would have been part of a system of niche partitioning, the various taxa thus avoiding direct competition with each other. Estimates of Brachiosaurus’s weight range between 30 and 60 metric tons (33 and 66 short tons). Taller than other dinosaurs, the brachiosaurus could reach the crowns of tall trees, stretching their necks up to 13 meters above the ground. Brachiosaurus is characterized by its long neck and body resulting in a height of 31’-43’ (9.4-13 m), body length of 59’-69’ (18-21 m), and width of 8’-11’ (2.4-3.4 m). Brachiosaurus is a member of the sauropod family and one of the most well known of all dinosaurs. [26][98] Brachiosaurus was one of the less abundant Morrison Formation sauropods. Since then, other dinosaurs have been discovered to have been taller. Shop high-quality unique Brachiosaurus T-Shirts designed and sold by artists. Although originally thought to belong to a diplodocid, it was later reinterpreted as a brachiosaurid, probably belonging to B. But that idea is no longer popular (The Debate between Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan). Salgado, L., R. A. Coria, and J. O. Calvo. [35] In 2018, the largest sauropod foot ever found was reported from the Black Hills of Weston County, Wyoming. In Real Life. [4] Over the years, the mass of B. altithorax has been estimated at 35.0 metric tons (38.6 short tons),[44] 28.3 metric tons (31.2 short tons),[52] 43.9 metric tons (48.4 short tons),[26] 28.7 metric tons (31.6 short tons),[4] 56.3 metric tons (62.1 short tons),[53] and 58 metric tons (64 short tons). The neck posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 is reanalysed by employing the Preuschoft method to deduce the pattern of stress in the joints between the vertebral centra along the neck. [86] A bipedal stance might have been adopted by Brachiosaurus in exceptional situations, like male dominance fights. However, Knoll and colleagues also noted that the facial nerve for Giraffatitan was larger, and could therefore not discard the possibility of a proboscis in this genus. Both air sacs contracted simultaneously to pump the used air out of the trachea. "Rearing Giants – kinetic-dynamic modeling of sauropod bipedal and tripodal poses." [75] Russel (1989) used Brachiosaurus as an example of a dinosaur for which endothermy is unlikely, because of the combination of great size (leading to overheating) and great caloric needs to fuel endothermy. Since it was remodeled, it is no longer similar to the Giraffatitanincluding its Rainbow skin. [38] He at first did not designate them as a syntype series, but in 1935 made S I (presently MB.R.2180) the lectotype. Select an item on the right to compare relative dimensions to Brachiosaurus. brancai. [1] The specific epithet was chosen because of the unusually deep and wide chest cavity, from Latin altus "deep" and Greek thorax/θώραξ, "breastplate, cuirass, corslet". Brachiosaurus likely did not have a tall spine running down its back like its Dino Dan depiction. [27][30] In 2019, American paleontologists Michael D. D'Emic and Matthew T. Carrano re-examined the Felch Quarry skull after having it further prepared and CT-scanned (while consulting historical illustrations that showed earlier states of the bones), and concluded that a quadrate bone and dentary tooth considered part of the skull by Carpenter and Tidwell did not belong to it. This would have submerged its fleshy nostrils if they were located at the tip of the snout as Witmer hypothesized. Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/1kMogCpYTyw5pGy03nUlRC?si=5v7g5JMJQ4eYh0-D5fsJOQ [60][61], Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan probably had a small shoulder hump between the third and fifth dorsal (back) vertebra, where the sideward- and upward-directed vertebral processes were longer, providing additional surface for neck muscle attachment. This might indicate that the forelimbs of Brachiosaurus supported a greater fraction of the body weight than is the case for Giraffatitan. [13] On September 10, Riggs left for Chicago by train, arriving on the 15th; the railroad companies let both passengers and cargo travel for free, as a public relations gesture. When reading a lecture to the inhabitants of Grand Junction, illustrated by lantern slides, on July 27, 1901, he explained the general evolution of dinosaurs and the exploration methods of museum field crews but did not mention that he had just found a spectacular specimen. [4], A detailed 2009 study by Taylor of all material, including the limb and girdle bones, found that there are significant divergences between B. altithorax and the Tendaguru material in all elements known from both species. Brachiosaurus is thought to have been a high browser, feeding on foliage well above the ground. Brachiosaurus was one of the largest dinosaurs ever. [44][56], While the limb bones of the most complete Giraffatitan skeleton (MB.R.2181) were very similar in size to those of the Brachiosaurus type specimen, the former was somewhat lighter than the Brachiosaurus specimen given its proportional differences. The articular facets of the articular processes at the back of the vertebra were directed downward, while those of Giraffatitan faced more toward the sides. [87], The downward mobility of the neck of Brachiosaurus would have allowed it to reach open water at the level of its feet, while standing upright. [88], The bony nasal openings of neosauropods like Brachiosaurus were large and placed on the top of their skulls. [46] The metacarpals were concluded to belong to some indeterminate titanosauriform. Practically every estimate of length or neck length or browsing height or mass or anything else for Brachiosaurus is based on that one skeleton. [33] Later study showed that the "ultrasaur" material mostly belonged to Supersaurus, though the shoulder blade did not. [46], In 1958, the French petroleum geologist F. Nougarède reported to have discovered fragmentary brachiosaurid remains in eastern Algeria, in the Sahara Desert. The type specimen of B. altithorax is still the most complete specimen, and only a few other specimens are thought to belong to the genus, making it one of the rarer sauropods of the Morrison Formation. It depends on the neck posture. [47] Its referral to Brachiosaurus was doubted in the 2004 edition of The Dinosauria by Paul Upchurch, Barret, and Peter Dodson who listed it as an as yet unnamed brachiosaurid genus. Nevertheless, material has been described from Colorado,[4][22][23][24] Oklahoma,[4][25] Utah,[4][22] and Wyoming,[4][26] and undescribed material has been mentioned from several other sites. Subscribed! The neck may also have been lowered during locomotion by 20 degrees. Mallison, H. (2011). It was somewhat spatulate (spoon-shaped), and had a longitudinal ridge. If you want to know how big they are - or what they ate - … Brachiosaurus is further distinguished from Giraffatitan in lacking three details in the laminae of the dorsal vertebrae that are unique to the latter genus. The … A docile herbivore, Brachiosaurus was not overtly aggressive and generally stuck to grazing. Brachiosaurus is known for its long neck—which made it look very much like a giraffe—and its short hindlegs. This suggests that the necks of brachiosaurids became proportionally much longer while their backs, to the contrary, experienced relative negative growth. The neck utilization in sauropods, however, is controversial. [37] Janensch concluded that the four genera must have been closely related to each other, and in 1929 assigned them to a subfamily Brachiosaurinae within the family Bothrosauropodidae. The interdental plates of the dentary were somewhat oval, with diamond shaped openings between them. Period: Late Jurassic (154-153 million years ago), Drawings include:Brachiosaurus side elevation, front, back, plan. The cervical air sac was positioned under the shoulder blade, on top of the front lung. An interesting feature in the anatomy of the Brachiosaurus was that the two forelimbs were longer than the hindlimbs. [36], Between 1909 and 1912, large-scale paleontological expeditions in German East Africa unearthed a considerable amount of brachiosaurid material from the Tendaguru Formation. Moreover, the articular surface that forms part of the shoulder joint was thicker and directed more sideward than in Giraffatitan and other sauropods, possibly indicating a more sprawled forelimb. It was a herbivore from the late Jurassic period, living about 140-155 million years ago. The nostrils might have evolved their retracted position to allow the animal to breathe while drinking. ), "Structure and relationships of opisthocoelian dinosaurs. Brachiosaurus was a sauropod that lived in the late Jurassic. According to Taylor in 2009, this specimen can be confidently referred to B. altithorax, as far as it is overlapping with its type specimen. He also noted this feature in Cetiosaurus, where it was not as strongly pronounced as in Brachiosaurus and Pelorosaurus. Camarasaurids, which were similar in tooth morphology to brachiosaurids, were also widespread and are known to have migrated seasonally, so this might have also been true for brachiosaurids. atalaiensis, along with many species now assigned to other genera, were placed in the genus Astrodon, creating an Astrodon altithorax. Based on this evidence, Riggs in 1904 suggested that the missing front part of the skeleton was washed away by a water current, while the hind part was already covered by sediment and thus got preserved. It had longer front limbs than hind limbs, hence the name, "Arm Lizard." Length: 75 feet (23 meters) Brachiosaurus, whose name means "arm reptile," was the giraffe dinosaur of the Jurassic. altithorax. Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent, proving that they lived in every environment of the world. [7] During a prospecting trip on horseback, Riggs' field assistant Harold William Menke found the humerus of FMNH P 25107,[1] on July 4,[8] exclaiming it was "the biggest thing yet!". (ed. Once the player survives ten days as a Carnivore they unlock that corresponding badge as well as the Brachiosaurus. Similar to Giraffatitan, the neck of the occipital condyle was very long. It has colors of White, Red, and Light brown, it has orange and gray dots on its neck, it also has spikes on its back. [73][72] In 1990 the paleontologist Stephen Czerkas stated that Brachiosaurus could have entered water occasionally to cool off (thermoregulate). Berl.. Geowiss. The length of a Brachiosaurus neck could reach as much as 30 feet (xx meters), making the total length of the dinosaur (neck, body, and tail) up to 69 feet (21 meters). (of uncertain species), since it is impossible to determine whether it belonged to the species B. altithorax itself (as there is no overlapping material between the two specimens). The neck posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, 1914 is reanalysed by employing the Preuschoft method to deduce the pattern of stress in the joints between the vertebral centra along the neck. [11] As the preparation of each bone was finished, it was put on display in a glass case in Hall 35 of the Fine Arts Palace of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, the Field Museum's first location. The quadrate is too large to articulate with the squamosal, is preserved differently from the other bones, and was found several meters away. If you are, then Brachiosaurus tops at around 15-16m in total height, and that's taking the biggest individuals into consideration with their necks fully or almost fully extended, like in Paleop's image (I don't think Paleop depicted the biggest one, though). However, its growth rate was nerfed heavily to 1.2, making it not recommended for DNA Farming anymore. [1] Riggs derived the genus name from the Greek brachion/βραχίων meaning "arm" and sauros/σαυρος meaning "lizard", because he realized that the length of the arms was unusual for a sauropod. Brachiosaurus is the 6th Dinosaur and the 1st Sauropod to see in the Dinosaur Selection Menu. The bones were roughly prepared for Marsh, which led to some damage. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of prehistoric reptiles that were the dominant terrestrial animals of the Late Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. With its long neck extended, Brachiosaurus … [63], Brachiosaurus differed in its body proportions from the closely related Giraffatitan. Traditionally, the fleshy nostrils of sauropods were thought to have been placed likewise on top of the head, roughly at the rear of the bony nostril opening, because these animals were erroneously thought to have been amphibious, using their large nasal openings as snorkels when submerged. [16] Latin thorax was derived from the Greek and had become a usual scientific designation for the chest of the body. Brachiosaurus was an extremely tall dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic with features adapted for browsing for foliage high above the ground surface. Brachiosaurus is the namesake genus of the family Brachiosauridae, which includes a handful of other similar sauropods. [4] At the time of discovery, the lower end of the humerus, the underside of the sacrum, the ilium and the preserved caudal vertebrae were exposed to the air and thus partly damaged by weathering. [44] A detailed physical modelling-based analysis of sauropod rearing capabilities by Heinrich Mallison showed that while many sauropods could rear, the unusual body shape and limb length ratio of brachiosaurids made them exceptionally ill-suited for rearing. [27][28][29], In 1975, the American paleontologists Jack McIntosh and David Berman investigated the historical issue of whether Marsh had assigned an incorrect skull to Brontosaurus (at the time thought to be a junior synonym of Apatosaurus), and found the Felch Quarry skull to be of "the general Camarasaurus type", while suggesting that the vertebra found near it belonged to Brachiosaurus. brancai, highlighting a number of differences in proportion between it and B. altithorax. Most popular depictions of Brachiosaurus are in fact based on Giraffatitan, a genus of brachiosaurid dinosaur from the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania. In 1914, German paleontologist Werner Janensch listed differences and commonalities between these fossils and B. altithorax, concluding they could be referred to the genus Brachiosaurus. [12] After a concluding ten-day prospecting trip, the expedition returned to Grand Junction and hired a team and wagon to transport all fossils to the railway station, during five days; another week was spent to pack them in thirty-eight crates with a weight of 5,700 kilograms (12,500 lb). The animal most certainly didn't have a single definitive height unless you're talking about maximum height. Brachiosaurus was named after the extensive length of the forearms compared to its back legs. In 1903, Riggs first published on his findings and named the species Brachiosaurus altithorax, declaring it "the largest known dinosaur".Typical for a sauropod are … The skull differed from that of Giraffatitan in its U-shaped (instead of W-shaped) suture between frontal and nasal bones, a shape which appears more pronounced by the frontal bones extending forward over the orbits (eye sockets). Found at the discovery site but not collected, were partial bones of the left forearm, wrist bones, a right shin bone, and fragments that may have come from metatarsals. Brachiosaurus was an extremely tall dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic period (154-153 Mya). The neural spines were also inclined backward by about 30°, more than in Giraffatitan (20°). Valves prevented the air from flowing backward when the abdominal air sac filled itself again; at the same time a cervical air sac at the neck base sucked out the spent air from the lung. .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, Cladistic analyses also allow scientists to determine which new traits the members of a group have in common, their synapomorphies. [51] This would make it larger than any other sauropod sacrum ever found, except those of Argentinosaurus and Apatosaurus. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. They also stated that the most developed neural spines for muscle attachment being positioned in the region of the shoulder girdle would have permitted the neck to be raised in a giraffe-like posture. Unusually for a sauropod, the forelimbs were longer than the hind limbs. A typically Brachiosaurus weighed between 77,000-123,000 lb (35-56 metric tons).